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Luke the Evangelist (, ''Loukãs'') is one of the Four Evangelists—the four authors of canonical Gospels of Jesus Christ. Luke was a native of the Hellenistic city of Antioch in Syria. The early church fathers ascribed to him authorship of both the Gospel according to Luke and the book of Acts of the Apostles, which originally formed a single literary work, referred to as Luke–Acts. Prominent figures in early Christianity such as Jerome and Eusebius later reaffirmed his authorship, although the fragile evidence of the identity of the author of the works has led to discussion in scholarly circles, both secular and religious. The New Testament mentions Luke briefly a few times, and the Pauline epistle to the Colossians refers to him as a doctor; thus he is thought to have been both a physician and a disciple of Paul. Christians since the faith's early years have regarded him as a saint. He is believed to have died a martyr, although accounts of the events do vary. The Roman Catholic Church and other major denominations venerate him as Saint Luke the Evangelist and as a patron saint of artists, physicians, surgeons, students and butchers; his feast day takes place on 18 October. ==Life== It is believed by many scholars that Luke was a Greek physician who lived in the Greek city of Antioch in Ancient Syria, though some other scholars and theologians think Luke was a Hellenic Jew.〔Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. "The Gospels" pp. 266–268〕〔Strelan, Rick. (Luke the Priest – the Authority of the Author of the Third Gospel ) – Was Luke a Jew or Gentile? Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., May 1, 2013, pages 102–110.〕 This Luke is mentioned in Paul's Epistle to Philemon (v.24), and in two other epistles which are traditionally ascribed to Paul (Epistle to the Colossians 4:14 and Second Epistle to Timothy 4:11).〔''The New Testament Documents: Their Origin and Early History'', George Milligan, 1913, Macmillan and Co., p. 149〕〔''Saints: A Visual Guide'', Edward Mornin, Lorna Mornin, 2006, Eerdmans Books, p. 74〕〔 ("Gospel of Saint Luke" ), Aherne, Cornelius, The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 24 Feb. 2013〕〔''New Outlook'', Alfred Emanuel Smith, 1935, Outlook Pub. Co., p. 792〕〔''New Testament Studies. I. Luke the Physician: The Author of the Third Gospel'', Adolf von Harnack, 1907, Williams & Norgate; G.P. Putnam's Sons, p. 5〕 His earliest notice is in Paul's Epistle to Philemon—. He is also mentioned in and , two works commonly ascribed to Paul. The next earliest account of Luke is in the ''Anti-Marcionite Prologue to the Gospel of Luke'', a document once thought to date to the 2nd century, but which has more recently been dated to the later 4th century. Helmut Koester, however, claims that the following part—the only part preserved in the original Greek—may have been composed in the late 2nd century: Epiphanius states that Luke was one of the Seventy Apostles (''Panarion'' 51.11), and John Chrysostom indicates at one point that the "brother" Paul mentions in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians 8:18 is either Luke or Barnabas. If one accepts that Luke was in fact the author of the Gospel bearing his name and also the ''Acts of the Apostles'', certain details of his personal life can be reasonably assumed. While he does exclude himself from those who were eyewitnesses to Jesus' ministry, he repeatedly uses the word "we" in describing the Pauline missions in ''Acts of the Apostles'', indicating that he was personally there at those times.〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Micropædia vol. 7, p. 554–555. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc, 1998. ISBN 0-85229-633-9.〕 There is similar evidence that Luke resided in Troas, the province which included the ruins of ancient Troy, in that he writes in ''Acts'' in the third person about Paul and his travels until they get to Troas, where he switches to the first person plural. The "we" section of ''Acts'' continues until the group leaves Philippi, when his writing goes back to the third person. This change happens again when the group returns to Philippi. There are three "we sections" in ''Acts'', all following this rule. Luke never stated, however, that he lived in Troas, and this is the only evidence that he did. The composition of the writings, as well as the range of vocabulary used, indicate that the author was an educated man. A quote in the Letter of Paul to the Colossians differentiates between Luke and other colleagues "of the circumcision." This comment has traditionally caused commentators to conclude that Luke was a Gentile. If this were true, it would make Luke the only writer of the New Testament who can clearly be identified as not being Jewish. However, that is not the only possibility. Although Luke is considered likely to be a Gentile Christian, some scholars believe him to be a Hellenized Jew.〔〔〔Thomas S. McCall, Th.D. (Was Luke a Gentile? )〕 The phrase could just as easily be used to differentiate between those Christians who strictly observed the rituals of Judaism and those who did not.〔 Luke's presence in Rome with the Apostle Paul near the end of Paul's life was attested by 2 Timothy 4:11: "Only Luke is with me". In the last chapter of the Book of Acts, widely attributed to Luke, we find several accounts in the first person also affirming Luke's presence in Rome including : "And when we came to Rome..." According to some accounts, Luke also contributed to the authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews. Luke died at age 84 in Boeotia, according to a "fairly early and widespread tradition".〔Michael Walsh, ed. "Butler's Lives of the Saints." (HarperCollins Publishers: New York, 1991), pp. 342.〕 According to Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos (Ecclesiastical History 14th century AD., Migne P.G. 145, 876) and others, Luke's tomb was located in Thebes, whence his relics were transferred to Constantinople in the year 357. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Luke the Evangelist」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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